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1.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(1): 45-50, ene.-feb. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202290

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Desarrollar y validar una herramienta de estimación del peso en emergencias pediátricas. MÉTODO: Estudio realizado en 2 etapas. Utilizando datos antropométricos informatizados de los servicios de pediatría de atención primaria de Bilbao (País Vasco, España) se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal para estimar el peso en función de la estatura. Posteriormente, estos modelos fueron aplicados de forma prospectiva a una muestra consecutiva de pacientes pediátricos atendidos en urgencias de 2 hospitales terciarios. Se compararon los pesos estimados con los reales, calculando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), media de la diferencia y proporción de mediciones con un error del peso estimado inferior al 10 y 20% con respecto al valor real. RESULTADOS: A partir de los datos antropométricos de 15.522 menores se desarrollaron 2 fórmulas predictivas del peso («fórmulas de Bilbao»). Las formulas fueron validadas sobre una muestra de 780 pacientes pediátricos, y estimaron valores del peso con un alto grado de correlación intraclase con respecto al peso real (CCI=0,93; p < 0,001) y una media de la diferencia de 0,63 (DE: 4,3). La proporción de error de la estimación del peso con respecto al valor real fue inferior al 10 en el 62,2% (IC 95%: 58,7-65,6) de las mediciones e inferior al 20% en el 93,1% (IC 95%: 91,1-94,8), unos resultados notablemente mejores que los que hubiesen obtenido otras fórmulas clásicas. CONCLUSIONES: Las «fórmulas de Bilbao» pueden suponer una herramienta válida en la estimación del peso en pacientes pediátricos en urgencias y predicen el peso con mayor precisión que otras fórmulas de uso más habitual basadas en la edad


OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a weight estimation tool applicable in paediatric emergency care. METHODS: Using anthropometric data from a computerized database of the primary health care paediatric services, Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain), linear regression models were developed with the objective of estimating weight from height. Subsequently, these models were prospectively validated using a consecutive sample of children attended in the emergency department of two tertiary hospitals. Estimated weights were compared with actual weights, calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean difference and percentages of estimations falling within 10% and 20% of the actual weight. RESULTS: Using anthropometric data from 15522 children two weight predictive formulas were developed (Bilbao Formulas). The formulas were validated on a sample of 780 children and estimated weight values with a high degree of intraclass correlation with the real weight (ICC=.93, P<.001) and a mean difference of .63 (SD: 4.3). The percentages of estimations falling within 10% and 20% of the actual weight of the child was 62.2% (95% CI: 58.7-65.6) and 93.1% (95% CI: 91.1-94.8), respectively. Weight estimations were more accurate using Bilbao Formulas than other classical formulas. CONCLUSIONS: Bilbao Formulas would be a valid tool for estimating weight in children in the emergency department and predict weight more accurately than other more commonly used age-based formulas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Peso Corporal , Peso-Estatura , Antropometria/métodos , Cálculos da Dosagem de Medicamento , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Enfermagem Pediátrica/métodos , Medicina de Emergência Pediátrica/métodos
2.
Eur J Emerg Med ; 28(1): 19-24, 2021 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32925478

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Quality of hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important determinant of resuscitation outcome for cardiac arrest patients cared for by lay rescuers. We designed a simulation trial to assess and compare the quality of CPR among untrained lay people under two different scenarios: automated external defibrillator (AED)-guided and dispatcher-assisted CPR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A simulation study was performed involving 42 volunteers selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Participants were randomized into two CPR simulation scenarios with a manikin: (A) AED-guided CPR and (T) dispatcher-assisted CPR. The quality of CPR was evaluated by metric monitoring of the chest compressions and timing of actions. Content analysis of the telephone instructions was performed by two independent researchers using a checklist. RESULTS: CPR was started in 20 of the 21 cases in scenario A and in all cases in scenario T. In total, 12 053 chest compressions were applied, 57.6% corresponding to scenario A. The proportion of compressions that were of an adequate depth was low in both cases, 15.3% in scenario A vs. 31.7% in scenario T (P < 0.001), while complete chest recoil was allowed in 66 and 72% (P < 0.001) of compressions, respectively. The AED advised to shock 91 times, and shocks were delivered in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although guided CPR helps untrained people to initiate resuscitation manoeuvres, the quality of CPR was poor in both groups. Telephone guidance improved the proportion of compressions that achieved adequate chest compression and recoil but did not optimise the compression rate.


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Parada Cardíaca , Desfibriladores , Sistemas de Comunicação entre Serviços de Emergência , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Manequins
3.
Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) ; 31(1): 45-50, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32122768

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a weight estimation tool applicable in paediatric emergency care. METHODS: Using anthropometric data from a computerized database of the primary health care paediatric services, Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain), linear regression models were developed with the objective of estimating weight from height. Subsequently, these models were prospectively validated using a consecutive sample of children attended in the emergency department of two tertiary hospitals. Estimated weights were compared with actual weights, calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean difference and percentages of estimations falling within 10% and 20% of the actual weight. RESULTS: Using anthropometric data from 15522 children two weight predictive formulas were developed (Bilbao Formulas). The formulas were validated on a sample of 780 children and estimated weight values with a high degree of intraclass correlation with the real weight (ICC=.93, P<.001) and a mean difference of .63 (SD: 4.3). The percentages of estimations falling within 10% and 20% of the actual weight of the child was 62.2% (95% CI: 58.7-65.6) and 93.1% (95% CI: 91.1-94.8), respectively. Weight estimations were more accurate using Bilbao Formulas than other classical formulas. CONCLUSIONS: Bilbao Formulas would be a valid tool for estimating weight in children in the emergency department and predict weight more accurately than other more commonly used age-based formulas.


Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Peso Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Espanha
4.
Emergencias ; 32(5): 345-348, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33006835

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of a local football team's matches on patient demand for hospital emergency department care in Bilbao, in the Spanish province of Biscay. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis. We retrieved the number of patients coming to the emergency department on the days and hours of matches played by Bilbao's Athletic Club during the 2017-2019 and 2018-2019 seasons and compared the caseloads with those on the same days of the weeks before and after the matches (control days). RESULTS: Ninety-five match days were studied. Nineteen of the matches were considered key events. Visits by adults to the emergency department fell by a statistically significant 7.5% (95% CI, 4.6%-11.6%) when matches were being played in Bilbao. The decrease was 8.4% (95% CI, 5.3%-12.6%) when matches were played away. The decrease in pediatric emergencies was 32.7% (95% CI, 7.4%-68.3%) in the hours while important matches were played outside the city. CONCLUSION: The impact of football on the number of visits to our hospital emergency department was modest, except during important away matches.


OBJETIVO: Analizar el impacto que tienen los partidos de fútbol del equipo local en la frecuentación de pacientes al servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) de Bilbao (Bizkaia). METODO: Estudio analítico retrospectivo. Se comparó la afluencia al servicio de urgencias durante los días y horas de partido del Athletic Club de Bilbao de las temporadas 2017/18 y 2018/19 con la de los mismos días de las semanas previas y posteriores a los eventos deportivos (controles). RESULTADOS: Fueron estudiadas 95 días de partido celebrados, donde 19 fueron considerados de alta relevancia. En pacientes adultos, cuando el partido se jugó en Bilbao se registró una disminución estadísticamente significativa del 7,5% (IC95% 4,6-11,6) en el número de urgencias y del 8,4% (IC95% 5,3-12,6) cuando el partido se celebró en otra ciudad. En pacientes pediátricos, se halló un descenso de la afluencia del 32,7% (IC95% 7,4-68,3) en las horas correspondientes al desarrollo del partido cuando este era relevante y se jugaba fuera de la ciudad. CONCLUSIONES: El fútbol tiene una limitada capacidad moduladora de la frecuentación de pacientes al SUH tan solo cuando se trata de partidos de alta relevancia.


Assuntos
Futebol Americano , Futebol , Adulto , Criança , Emergências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 32(5): 345-348, oct. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197086

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Analizar el impacto que tienen los partidos de fútbol del equipo local en la frecuentación de pacientes al servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) de Bilbao (Bizkaia). MÉTODO: Estudio analítico retrospectivo. Se comparó la afluencia al servicio de urgencias durante los días y horas de partido del Athletic Club de Bilbao de las temporadas 2017/18 y 2018/19 con la de los mismos días de las semanas previas y posteriores a los eventos deportivos (controles). RESULTADOS: Fueron estudiadas 95 días de partido celebrados, donde 19 fueron considerados de alta relevancia. En pacientes adultos, cuando el partido se jugó en Bilbao se registró una disminución estadísticamente significativa del 7,5% (IC95% 4,6-11,6) en el número de urgencias y del 8,4% (IC95% 5,3-12,6) cuando el partido se celebró en otra ciudad. En pacientes pediátricos, se halló un descenso de la afluencia del 32,7% (IC95% 7,4-68,3) en las horas correspondientes al desarrollo del partido cuando este era relevante y se jugaba fuera de la ciudad. CONCLUSIONES: El fútbol tiene una limitada capacidad moduladora de la frecuentación de pacientes al SUH tan solo cuando se trata de partidos de alta relevancia


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of a local football team's matches on patient demand for hospital emergency department care in Bilbao, in the Spanish province of Biscay. METHODS: Retrospective analysis. We retrieved the number of patients coming to the emergency department on the days and hours of matches played by Bilbao's Athletic Club during the 2017-2019 and 2018-2019 seasons and compared the caseloads with those on the same days of the weeks before and after the matches (control days). RESULTS: Ninety-five match days were studied. Nineteen of the matches were considered key events. Visits by adults to the emergency department fell by a statistically significant 7.5% (95% CI, 4.6%-11.6%) when matches were being played in Bilbao. The decrease was 8.4% (95% CI, 5.3%-12.6%) when matches were played away. The decrease in pediatric emergencies was 32.7% (95% CI, 7.4%-68.3%) in the hours while important matches were played outside the city. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of football on the number of visits to our hospital emergency department was modest, except during important away matches


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Criança , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Futebol/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Futebol/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga de Trabalho
8.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 31(4): 239-244, ago. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182764

RESUMO

Objetivos: Validar distintos métodos destinados a estimar el peso en pacientes pediátricos en urgencias. Metodología: Serie de casos prospectivo con análisis transversal en pacientes de 1 mes hasta 14 años de edad en dos hospitales terciarios en el País Vasco (España). Se aplicaron 9 herramientas distintas de estimación de peso y se comparó el resultado con el peso real, calculando índices de concordancia (CCI), media de la diferencia y proporción de mediciones con un error del peso estimado inferior al 10% y 20% con respecto al peso real. Resultados: Se realizaron mediciones en 515 pacientes pediátricos. Todas las estimaciones presentaron una alta concordancia con respecto al peso real. La estimación parental del peso resultó la estrategia con menor margen de error (86,5% de mediciones con error < 10%), seguida de la Regla RCP del Hospital del Niño Jesús (63,5% de mediciones con error <10%). Las fórmulas de estimación basadas en edad o antropometría no ofrecieron proporciones superiores al 40% de mediciones con un error < 10%. Conclusiones: La estimación parental es una herramienta válida para la estimación del peso en niños. Cuando no está disponible esa opción, la Regla de RCP del Hospital del Niño Jesús sería la herramienta de elección


Objectives: To determine the validity of different ways of estimating body weight in children attended in the emergency department. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of a series of patients between 1 month and 14 years of age attended in 2 tertiary care hospitals in the Basque Country, Spain. We used 9 different ways to estimate body weight and compared the estimates to real weight by calculating the mean intraclass correlation coefficient, the mean difference between real and estimated weights, and the proportion of measurements within 10% and 20% of the real weight. Results: Five hundred fifteen pediatric patients were weighed and their weights estimated. All estimates had a high degree of agreement with real weight. A parent's weight estimate performed best: 86.5% of parental estimates were within 10% of the real weight. The next best estimate was achieved with the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rule developed at Hospital del Niño Jesús: 65% of the estimates were within the 10% margin. Fewer than 40% of the weight estimates based on formulas using anthropometric measurements were within the 10% margin. Conclusions: A parent's estimate of weight is a valid approximation in children of all ages. When this estimate is not available, the CPR rule of Hospital del Niño Jesús would be the method of choice


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/métodos , Medicina de Emergência Pediátrica/métodos , Medicina de Emergência Pediátrica/organização & administração , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Antropometria/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Emergencias ; 31(4): 239-244, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31347803

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the validity of different ways of estimating body weight in children attended in the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study of a series of patients between 1 month and 14 years of age attended in 2 tertiary care hospitals in the Basque Country, Spain. We used 9 different ways to estimate body weight and compared the estimates to real weight by calculating the mean intraclass correlation coefficient, the mean difference between real and estimated weights, and the proportion of measurements within 10% and 20% of the real weight. RESULTS: Five hundred fifteen pediatric patients were weighed and their weights estimated. All estimates had a high degree of agreement with real weight. A parent's weight estimate performed best: 86.5% of parental estimates were within 10% of the real weight. The next best estimate was achieved with the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rule developed at Hospital del Niño Jesús: 65% of the estimates were within the 10% margin. Fewer than 40% of the weight estimates based on formulas using anthropometric measurements were within the 10% margin. CONCLUSION: A parent's estimate of weight is a valid approximation in children of all ages. When this estimate is not available, the CPR rule of Hospital del Niño Jesús would be the method of choice.


OBJETIVO: Validar distintos métodos destinados a estimar el peso en pacientes pediátricos en urgencias. METODO: Serie de casos prospectivo con análisis transversal en pacientes de 1 mes hasta 14 años de edad en dos hospitales terciarios en el País Vasco (España). Se aplicaron 9 herramientas distintas de estimación de peso y se comparó el resultado con el peso real, calculando índices de concordancia (CCI), media de la diferencia y proporción de mediciones con un error del peso estimado inferior al 10% y 20% con respecto al peso real. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron mediciones en 515 pacientes pediátricos. Todas las estimaciones presentaron una alta concordancia con respecto al peso real. La estimación parental del peso resultó la estrategia con menor margen de error (86,5% de mediciones con error < 10%), seguida de la Regla RCP del Hospital del Niño Jesús (63,5% de mediciones con error <10%). Las fórmulas de estimación basadas en edad o antropometría no ofrecieron proporciones superiores al 40% de mediciones con un error < 10%. CONCLUSIONES: La estimación parental es una herramienta válida para la estimación del peso en niños. Cuando no está disponible esa opción, la Regla de RCP del Hospital del Niño Jesús sería la herramienta de elección.


Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Peso Corporal , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pais , Estudos Prospectivos
10.
Emergencias ; 31(2): 115-122, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30963740

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Arterial puncture for blood gas analysis is a painful procedure in the emergency department (ED). Local subcutaneous injection of anesthetics containing amino amides or esters is the usual painrelief technique applied before arterial puncture, but it is little used in some care settings, such as the ED. We aimed to analyze the literature on anesthetic approaches other than the traditional one of local injection of amino-amide or amino-ester compounds for pain relief during arterial puncture and to assess the efficacy of the alternatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: . A systematic review of the literature was conducted in 6 bibliographic databases. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English or Spanish between 2000 and 2018. The trials compared self-reported pain immediately after arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. Some form of anesthesia other than local injection of an amino-amide or -ester compound was compared to another anesthetic technique, placebo, or no anesthetic. RESULTS: We found 16 RCTs. Four compared the effect of topical anesthetic creams containing amino amides and/or amino esters, two assessed ultrasound-guided puncture, four used small-caliber needles or special syringes, one used a needle-free high-pressure anesthetic injection system, and five studied cryoanesthesia by application of ice or aerosols. CONCLUSION: The only effective alternative approaches to pain relief during arterial puncture for blood gas analysis were the use of very fine-caliber needles, the use of needle-free pressure injectors for subcutaneous delivery of amino amides, and the application of ice for at least 3 minutes.


OBJETIVO: La punción arterial para gasometría es una técnica dolorosa. La estrategia anestésica de elección consiste en la inyección local de amidas o esteres por vía subcutánea, pero resulta poco frecuente en algunos ámbitos asistenciales, como los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es en describir las estrategias anestésicas distintas a la técnica clásica de inyección local de amidas o esteres y evaluar su eficacia en la punción arterial para gasometría. METODO: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura a través de 6 bases de datos bibliográficas. Fueron seleccionados ensayos clínicos publicados entre 2000 y 2018, en inglés o español, que comparasen el dolor autopercibido por el paciente inmediatamente después de una punción arterial para gasometría en función de si se les aplicó alguna medida anestésica diferente a la inyección subcutánea de amidas o esteres frente a otro procedimiento anestésico local, un placebo o ninguna intervención anestésica. RESULTADOS: Se localizaron 16 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: 4 evaluaron la aplicación de anestésicos tópicos compuestos a base de esteres o amidas, 2 la punción ecoguiada, 4 el empleo de agujas de pequeño calibre o jeringuillas especiales, 1 el uso de inyectores a presión sin aguja y 5 la crioanestesia mediante hielo o aerosoles. CONCLUSIONES: Tan sólo el uso de agujas de calibre muy fino, la sustitución de jeringuillas clásicas por inyectores a presión sin aguja para la administración de amidas o esteres subcutáneas o la aplicación previa de hielo durante al menos 3 minutos se mostraron eficaces en la reducción del dolor derivado de la punción arterial para gasometría.


Assuntos
Anestesia Local/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/efeitos adversos , Dor Processual/prevenção & controle , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Medição da Dor , Dor Processual/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 31(2): 115-122, abr. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182529

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: La punción arterial para gasometría es una técnica dolorosa. La estrategia anestésica de elección consiste en la inyección local de amidas o esteres por vía subcutánea, pero resulta poco frecuente en algunos ámbitos asistenciales, como los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es en describir las estrategias anestésicas distintas a la técnica clásica de inyección local de amidas o esteres y evaluar su eficacia en la punción arterial para gasometría. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura a través de 6 bases de datos bibliográficas. Fueron seleccionados ensayos clínicos publicados entre 2000 y 2018, en inglés o español, que comparasen el dolor autopercibido por el paciente inmediatamente después de una punción arterial para gasometría en función de si se les aplicó alguna medida anestésica diferente a la inyección subcutánea de amidas o esteres frente a otro procedimiento anestésico local, un placebo o ninguna intervención anestésica. Resultados: Se localizaron 16 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: 4 evaluaron la aplicación de anestésicos tópicos compuestos a base de esteres o amidas, 2 la punción ecoguiada, 4 el empleo de agujas de pequeño calibre o jeringuillas especiales, 1 el uso de inyectores a presión sin aguja y 5 la crioanestesia mediante hielo o aerosoles. Conclusión: Tan sólo el uso de agujas de calibre muy fino, la sustitución de jeringuillas clásicas por inyectores a presión sin aguja para la administración de amidas o esteres subcutáneas o la aplicación previa de hielo durante al menos 3 minutos se mostraron eficaces en la reducción del dolor derivado de la punción arterial para gasometría


Background and objective: Arterial puncture for blood gas analysis is a painful procedure in the emergency department (ED). Local subcutaneous injection of anesthetics containing amino amides or esters is the usual painrelief technique applied before arterial puncture, but it is little used in some care settings, such as the ED. We aimed to analyze the literature on anesthetic approaches other than the traditional one of local injection of amino-amide or amino-ester compounds for pain relief during arterial puncture and to assess the efficacy of the alternatives. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in 6 bibliographic databases. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English or Spanish between 2000 and 2018. The trials compared self-reported pain immediately after arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. Some form of anesthesia other than local injection of an amino-amide or -ester compound was compared to another anesthetic technique, placebo, or no anesthetic. Results: We found 16 RCTs. Four compared the effect of topical anesthetic creams containing amino amides and/or amino esters, two assessed ultrasound-guided puncture, four used small-caliber needles or special syringes, one used a needle-free high-pressure anesthetic injection system, and five studied cryoanesthesia by application of ice or aerosols. Conclusion: The only effective alternative approaches to pain relief during arterial puncture for blood gas analysis were the use of very fine-caliber needles, the use of needle-free pressure injectors for subcutaneous delivery of amino amides, and the application of ice for at least 3 minutes


Assuntos
Humanos , Amidas/administração & dosagem , Injeções Subcutâneas/métodos , Gasometria/instrumentação , Resultado do Tratamento , Gasometria/métodos , Crioanestesia/instrumentação , Manejo da Dor
12.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(6): 359-364, nov.-dic. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181656

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Analizar el dolor asociado a la inserción de catéteres venosos y extracción de sangre arterial en pacientes adultos que acuden a urgencias, y explorar posibles factores relacionados con su intensidad. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional multicéntrico. Se incluyeron consecutivamente pacientes que requerían un catéter venoso periférico y/o una extracción de sangre arterial para gasometría. Se preguntó por el dolor experimentado después de cada técnica, empleando la escala NRS-11. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 780 canalizaciones venosas y 101 gasometrías. Las venopunciones obtuvieron una puntuación media de 2,8 (IC 95%: 2,6-3) y las gasometrías de 3,6 (IC 95%: 3,1-4). El nivel de dolor iatrogénico se asoció a la dificultad técnica media o alta del procedimiento (p < 0,001), a la elección de la arteria humeral en lugar de la radial (p = 0,02) en las gasometrías y se correlacionó con el dolor basal en las venopunciones (p < 0,001). El nivel de dolor en función de otras variables como el sexo, la procedencia o el calibre de la aguja no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIONES: El dolor derivado de la cateterización venosa y la punción arterial para gasometría es leve-moderado y moderado, respectivamente, y su intensidad se asocia a variables como la dificultad del procedimiento, el lugar de punción o el dolor basal. Un mayor conocimiento de los efectos dolorosos derivados de cada procedimiento de enfermería durante la asistencia en urgencias y de los factores que se asocian a la autopercepción del mismo podría ayudar a determinar cuándo y cómo debería intervenirse para mitigar este efecto indeseado


OBJECTIVES: To analyse vein catheterisation and blood gas test-related pain among adult patients in the emergency department and to explore pain score-related factors. METHOD: An observational and multicentre research study was performed. Patients undergoing vein catheterisation or arterial puncture for gas test were included consecutively. After each procedure, patients scored the pain experienced using the NRS-11. RESULTS: 780 vein catheterisations and 101 blood gas tests were analysed. Venipuncture was scored with an average score of 2.8 (95% CI: 2.6-3), and arterial puncture with 3.6 (95%CI 3.1-4). Iatrogenic pain scores were associated with moderate - high difficulty procedures (P<.001); with the choice of the humeral rather than the radial artery (P=.02) in the gas test and correlated to baseline pain in venipunctures (P<.001). Pain scores related to other variables such as sex, place of origin or needle gauge did not present statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Vein catheterisation and blood gas test-related pain can be considered mild to moderately and moderately painful procedures, respectively. The pain score is associated with certain variables such as the difficulty of the procedure, the anatomic area of the puncture or baseline pain. A better understanding of painful effects related to emergency nursing procedures and the factors associated with pain self-perception could help to determine when and how to act to mitigate this undesired effect


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Gasometria/instrumentação , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Dor/etiologia , Medição da Dor , Flebotomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência
13.
Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) ; 28(6): 359-364, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29279250

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyse vein catheterisation and blood gas test-related pain among adult patients in the emergency department and to explore pain score-related factors. METHOD: An observational and multicentre research study was performed. Patients undergoing vein catheterisation or arterial puncture for gas test were included consecutively. After each procedure, patients scored the pain experienced using the NRS-11. RESULTS: 780 vein catheterisations and 101 blood gas tests were analysed. Venipuncture was scored with an average score of 2.8 (95% CI: 2.6-3), and arterial puncture with 3.6 (95%CI 3.1-4). Iatrogenic pain scores were associated with moderate - high difficulty procedures (P<.001); with the choice of the humeral rather than the radial artery (P=.02) in the gas test and correlated to baseline pain in venipunctures (P<.001). Pain scores related to other variables such as sex, place of origin or needle gauge did not present statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Vein catheterisation and blood gas test-related pain can be considered mild to moderately and moderately painful procedures, respectively. The pain score is associated with certain variables such as the difficulty of the procedure, the anatomic area of the puncture or baseline pain. A better understanding of painful effects related to emergency nursing procedures and the factors associated with pain self-perception could help to determine when and how to act to mitigate this undesired effect.


Assuntos
Gasometria/instrumentação , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Medição da Dor , Dor/etiologia , Flebotomia/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
14.
Emergencias ; 29(3): 161-166, 2017 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28825235

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of an ethyl chloride aerosol spray to a placebo spray applied in the emergency department to the skin to reduce pain from arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in an emergency department of Hospital de Basurto in Bilbao, Spain. We included 126 patients for whom arterial blood gas analysis had been ordered. They were randomly assigned to receive application of the experimental ethyl chloride spray (n=66) or a placebo aerosol spray of a solution of alcohol in water (n=60). The assigned spray was applied just before arterial puncture. The main outcome variable was pain intensity reported on an 11-point numeric rating scale. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) pain level was 2 (1-5) in the experimental arm and 2 (1-4.5) in the placebo arm (P=.72). CONCLUSION: Topical application of an ethyl chloride spray did not reduce pain caused by arterial puncture.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia del cloruro de etilo en aerosol aplicado sobre la piel frente a placebo para disminuir el dolor provocado por una punción arterial durante la realización de una gasometría en el servicio de urgencias (SU). METODO: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, simple ciego y controlado con placebo realizado en el SU del Hospital de Basurto (Bilbao, España). Se incluyeron 126 pacientes a los que se les había solicitado una gasometría arterial, asignándoles al azar al grupo de tratamiento tópico experimental con cloruro de etilo en aerosol (n = 66) o al grupo control con mezcla hidroalcohólica en aerosol (n = 60), ambos administrados inmediatamente antes de la punción arterial. La variable de resultado principal fue la intensidad del dolor autopercibido por el paciente medida por la escala NRS-11. RESULTADOS: El dolor percibido por el paciente tuvo una mediana (rango intercuartílico) de 2 (1-5) en el grupo tratado con cloruro de etilo y de 2 (1-4,5) en el grupo placebo (p = 0,72). CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de cloruro de etilo tópico no reduce el dolor por punción arterial.


Assuntos
Anestesia Local/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Artérias/lesões , Cloreto de Etil/administração & dosagem , Dor/prevenção & controle , Punções/efeitos adversos , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Aerossóis , Idoso , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/etiologia , Medição da Dor , Método Simples-Cego , Falha de Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
15.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 29(3): 161-166, jun. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163934

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia del cloruro de etilo en aerosol aplicado sobre la piel frente a placebo para disminuir el dolor provocado por una punción arterial durante la realización de una gasometría en el servicio de urgencias (SU). Método. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, simple ciego y controlado con placebo realizado en el SU del Hospital de Basurto (Bilbao, España). Se incluyeron 126 pacientes a los que se les había solicitado una gasometría arterial, asignándoles al azar al grupo de tratamiento tópico experimental con cloruro de etilo en aerosol (n = 66) o al grupo control con mezcla hidroalcohólica en aerosol (n = 60), ambos administrados inmediatamente antes de la punción arterial. La variable de resultado principal fue la intensidad del dolor autopercibido por el paciente medida por la escala NRS-11. Resultados. El dolor percibido por el paciente tuvo una mediana (rango intercuartílico) de 2 (1-5) en el grupo tratado con cloruro de etilo y de 2 (1-4,5) en el grupo placebo (p = 0,72). Conclusiones. La aplicación de cloruro de etilo tópico no reduce el dolor por punción arterial (AU)


Objective. To compare the efficacy of an ethyl chloride aerosol spray to a placebo spray applied in the emergency department to the skin to reduce pain from arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. Material and methods. Single-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in an emergency department of Hospital de Basurto in Bilbao, Spain. We included 126 patients for whom arterial blood gas analysis had been ordered. They were randomly assigned to receive application of the experimental ethyl chloride spray (n=66) or a placebo aerosol spray of a solution of alcohol in water (n=60). The assigned spray was applied just before arterial puncture. The main outcome variable was pain intensity reported on an 11-point numeric rating scale. Results. The median (interquartile range) pain level was 2 (1-5) in the experimental arm and 2 (1-4.5) in the placebo arm (P=.72). Conclusion. Topical application of an ethyl chloride spray did not reduce pain caused by arterial puncture (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Punções/métodos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Cloreto de Etil/farmacocinética , Gasometria/métodos , Administração Tópica , Crioterapia/métodos , Medição da Dor
17.
Metas enferm ; 16(6): 62-66, jul. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113852

RESUMO

La Enfermería, profesión compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, constituye todavía hoy un colectivo laboral expuesto a desigualdades de género. En los últimos tiempos, el ritmo, la exigencia, la demanda y la carga de trabajo de los profesionales enfermeros es cada vez más elevado; al igual que en otras profesiones de predominio femenino. Sobre las enfermeras recae de forma mayoritaria la responsabilidad de conciliarla vida laboral y la doméstica, situación que supone una sobrecarga de trabajo y produce una disminución de la calidad de vida y, en ocasiones, obliga a reducir la jornada laboral a tiempo parcial. Por otra parte, las profesionales de la Enfermería conforman un grupo de riesgo laboral conocido, expuesto fundamentalmente a riesgos físicos, biológicos, químicos y psicosociales. Todas estas variables han de tenerse en consideración para prevenir la aparición de complicaciones y mejorarlos niveles de salud de las enfermeras (AU)


Nursing, a professional setting formed by women in its majority, still represents today a working group exposed to gender inequality. Recently, there has been a gradual increase in the rhythm, requirements, demands, and workload of professional nurses, and the same occurs in other professions with female prevalence. The responsibility of balancing work and domestic life lies heavily upon nurses, a situation which represents a work overload, and leads t a reduction in quality of life and, occasionally, forces to reduce the working day to part-time. Moreover, nursing professionals form a group with known occupational risks, primarily exposed to physical,biologic, chemical and psychosocial risks. All these variables must be taken into account in order to prevent complications, and to improve the health levels of nurses (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Riscos Ocupacionais , Identidade de Gênero , Preconceito
18.
Metas enferm ; 12(10): 71-74, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88917

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar el consumo de tabaco entre trabajadoresadministrativos, medir las diferencias de género y surelación con los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares (FRCV).Material y métodos: muestra compuesta por 432 administrativosaparejados por edad (216 hombres y 216 mujeres).Los datos se obtuvieron de reconocimientos médicoslaborales en trabajadores administrativos de Vizcaya y se analizaronlas siguientes variables: edad, género y hábito de fumar.Los fumadores se estratificaron en tres grupos según elconsumo de tabaco. Posteriormente, se realizó una comparaciónentre ambos géneros a través del test de homogeneidadde porcentajes con un índice de confianza del 95%.Resultados: no existen diferencias significativas entre hombresy mujeres administrativos en lo referente al hábito tabáquicoexcepto en el grupo de grandes fumadores (>20 cig/día).Conclusiones: no se evidencian diferencias de género entrelos administrativos en lo que al consumo de tabaco se refiere,si bien en el grupo de grandes fumadores se observancifras superiores en los hombres y, por consiguiente, un mayorriesgo cardiovascular. Además, los porcentajes halladosen este estudio coinciden con los presentes en la poblaciónde la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV) y son similaresa los observados en la población española (AU)


Objective: to analyse tobacco consumption amongst administrativeemployees, measure gender differences andtheir relationship with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).Material and methods: our sample is composed of 432administrative employees paired by age (216 men and 216women). Data were obtained from occupational medicalcheck-ups of administrative employees from Vizcaya and thefollowing variables were analysed: age, gender and smoking.Smokers were stratified into 3 groups based on theirtobacco consumption. Subsequently, both genders werecompared using the percentage Homogeneity Test with a95% confidence index.Results: there are no significant differences between maleand female administrative employees in regards to smokingexcept in the case of heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes/day).Conclusions: no gender differences were evidenced betweenadministrative employees in terms of smoking, eventhough in the group of heavy smoker higher values wereobserved in men and, therefore, they presented a highercardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the percentages found inthis study mirror those of the population of the AutonomousCommunity of the Basque Country and are similar tothose observed in the Spanish population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fatores Sexuais , 16054 , Espanha
19.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 23(supl.1): 29-37, dic. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140894

RESUMO

La población española ha crecido en los últimos 10 años en más de 6 millones de personas, de las cuales más de las tres cuartas partes son inmigrantes. Aunque en buena medida se trata de un fenómeno de inmigración económica ligado al intenso ritmo de crecimiento de la economía española, los determinantes sociológicos del proceso confieren al colectivo inmigrante un perfil cuya consideración es relevante para la valoración del impacto de la inmigración en el gasto público y en el sistema de protección social. El crecimiento de la población inmigrante, con menor edad media y tasas de natalidad más altas, permite compensar transitoriamente los desequilibrios demográficos del sistema de pensiones. Por otra parte, las características sociológicas y económicas del colectivo determinan demandas específicas al sistema de protección social. La integración de los inmigrantes se ve facilitada por el acceso a los servicios básicos, educación y salud, lo que, por otra parte, pudiera influir positivamente en el flujo migratorio. El rápido crecimiento de la población ha supuesto en el corto plazo una congestión de los servicios sanitarios, especialmente de la atención primaria, como consecuencia de la desigual distribución de los inmigrantes en el territorio. El gasto imputable a los inmigrantes es menos que proporcional a su peso en la población y se concentra en cuatro comunidades autónomas (AU)


The Spanish population has grown by over 6 million people in the last 10 years and immigrants account for 4.5 million of this increase. Although this influx has largely been motivated by economic reasons, stimulated by the sharp growth of the Spanish economy, sociological factors must also be considered to assess the impact of immigration shock on public expenditure and the social welfare system. On the one hand, the demographic growth caused by immigration temporarily balances the pension system, as immigrants have a lower average age and a higher fertility rate. On the other hand, the demographic and economic features of the immigrant community make additional demands on the social welfare system. Universal access to basic public services such as the education and health systems is a crucial asset in the integration policy aimed at the immigrant collective, and compensates for its possible effect as an incentive to immigrate. In the short term, the huge population growth has led to health services’ congestion, especially in primary health care, because of the unequal geographic distribution of immigrants. The health expenditure imputable to immigrants is lower than their share in the total population and is highly concentrated in four autonomous regions (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Alienação Social , Apoio Social , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Marrocos/etnologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Espanha/epidemiologia
20.
Gac Sanit ; 23 Suppl 1: 29-37, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19879022

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of birth place, migrant status and the modulatory role of social support on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the presence of anxiety/depression symptoms. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of three samples composed of 2,776 persons: 1,239 Moroccans in Morocco, 149 Moroccans in the Basque Country (Spain) and 1,388 autochthonous individuals. HRQoL and the presence of anxiety/depression symptoms were evaluated using the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) and the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). Social support was evaluated with the Duke scale. Multivariate analyses were performed with dichotomic logistic regression (SPSS 16). RESULTS: Immigrant status, compared with living in Morocco, was a protective factor in practically all SF-36 dimensions but was also a risk factor for the development of anxiety/depression symptoms. Differences in HRQoL between Moroccans and the autochthonous population in the Basque Country were attenuated when variables of social support were included in the multivariate models. Low social support and dissatisfaction with social life increased the risk of low HRQoL scores and the presence of anxiety/depression symptoms among Moroccans in the Basque Country. CONCLUSIONS: Some health indicators are more favorable in Moroccans in the Basque Country than in those living in Morocco, but the frequency of anxiety/depression is higher in Moroccan immigrants. The key factor to understanding social inequalities in health among Moroccan immigrants is social support. Strategies to maintain optimal health in these immigrant collectives should include public policies of social inclusion.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Marrocos/etnologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Inventário de Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Alienação Social , Apoio Social , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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